Man Ray
| French and American artist, photographer and film director. Date of Birth: Country: France |
Content:
- Early Life and Education
- Photography and Dadaism
- Surrealism and Paris
- Avant-Garde Films
- Collaboration with Méret Oppenheim and Berenice Abbott
- Later Life and Legacy
Early Life and Education
Emmanuel Radnitzky, later known as Man Ray, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in His family was of Jewish descent, having emigrated from Russia. In , the family relocated to New York City, where Man Ray spent his formative years. In , the family changed their surname to Ray to escape anti-Semitic harassment.
Man Ray initially pursued art education in New York City, studying at the Ferrer Center and the Art Students League. He was particularly drawn to the photography of Alfred Stieglitz, which introduced him to European avant-garde movements.
Photography and Dadaism
In , Man Ray embarked on a serious exploration of photography and filmmaking. He experimented with various techniques, including photograms (rayographs), solarization, and montage. Along with Marcel Duchamp and Francis Picabia, he founded the New York branch of Dadaism and published the
Man Ray Biography
Childhood
Man Ray was born as Emmanuel Radnitzky in to a Russian-Jewish immigrant family in Philadelphia. His tailor father and seamstress mother soon relocated the family to the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York, where Ray spent most of his childhood. His family changed their surname to Ray due to the fear of anti-Semitism. His name evolved to Man Ray after shortening his nickname, Manny, to Man. He kept his family background secret for most of his career, though the influence of his parents' occupations is evident in many of his works.
In high school, Ray learned freehand drawing, drafting and other basic techniques of architecture and engineering. He also excelled in his art class. Though he hated the special attention from his art teacher, he still frequented art museums and studied on his own the works of the Renaissance Masters like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Titian, and Caravaggio. Such self-motivation from the early age proved to be a solid grounding for the versatility he showed throughout his artistic career. Upon graduating from high school in , he turned down a scholarship to study architecture
Summary of Man Ray
Man Ray's career is distinctive above all for the success he achieved in both the United States and Europe. First maturing in the center of American modernism in the s, he made Paris his home in the s and s, and in the s he crossed the Atlantic once again, spending periods in New York and Hollywood. His art spanned painting, sculpture, film, prints and poetry, and in his long career he worked in styles influenced by Cubism, Futurism, Dada and Surrealism. He also successfully navigated the worlds of commercial and fine art, and came to be a sought-after fashion photographer. He is perhaps most remembered for his photographs of the inter-war years, in particular the camera-less pictures he called 'Rayographs', but he always regarded himself first and foremost as a painter.
Accomplishments
- Although he matured as an abstract painter, Man Ray eventually disregarded the traditional superiority painting held over photography and happily moved between different forms. Dada and Surrealism were important in encouraging this attitude; they also persuaded him that the idea motivating a work of art was more important than the work of art itself.
- For Man Ray, photogr
Man Ray ()
The Armory Show
In Ray visited the Armory Show, also known as the International Exhibition of Modern Art, which was organized by the Association of American Painters and Sculptors. This show was the first time much of America came into contact with European modern art. An extensive number of styles were on display including Impressionism, Fauvism and Cubism. Marcel Duchamp's highly abstract painting Nude Descending a Staircase (, Philadelphia Museum of Art), caused an uproar among the traditional American visitors.
Strongly attracted by the Armory's modernist works, Ray began experimenting with abstract art, in particular Cubism. As well as Cubist paintings, he also produced chromatic abstractions, "aerographs" (paintings made with an airbrush) and constructions made with 'found' objects. In Ray began a lifelong friendship with both Marcel Duchamp and Francis Picabia, and had his first solo show in which he showed examples of his latest drawing and oil painting. He was also introduced into collector Walter Arensberg's circle, which opened a number of doors for the young artist.
In , he produced his first large painting, The Rope Dance
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